Fixing ceramic tiles requires careful preparation, precise installation, and the right finishing techniques to achieve a durable and visually appealing result. Ceramic tiles are made from a blend of clays, pressed into shape, dried, and then kiln fired with a glaze. Some tiles undergo a second firing to fix decorative elements. Available in a wide variety of styles, from stone effects to unique three dimensional designs, ceramic tiles offer endless possibilities for both walls and floors.
Preparation
Before fixing ceramic tiles, ensure the surface is clean, dry, and free from dust or residues that could affect adhesion. Smooth out any imperfections and fill any holes to create an even base. Checking tiles before installation is essential, especially for rustic effect styles that feature natural colour variations. Mixing tiles from multiple boxes ensures an even distribution of shades. Any tiles with small chips or flaws should be set aside for cuts.
Fixing
Installing ceramic tiles is a straightforward process when using the correct technique. Spread adhesive onto the wall or floor using a notched trowel, applying a 3–6mm layer depending on the tile thickness. Press each tile firmly into place, using spacers to maintain even grout lines.
For floor tiles, applying a thin layer of adhesive to the back of each tile before placing it onto the trowelled bed ensures full coverage. This method improves support and prevents movement over time. Dot-and-dab fixing should be avoided, as it leaves gaps beneath the tiles, making them vulnerable to cracking or lifting.
Cutting and Drilling
When fixing ceramic tiles, cutting and drilling may be necessary to accommodate walls, corners, and fixtures. Mark tiles before cutting, then score along the line using a tile cutter with firm, even pressure. If the cutter lacks a snapping lever, place the tile on a flat surface with a nail under one end of the score line, then press firmly to snap it. A tile saw may be needed for intricate cuts.
Drilling holes into ceramic tiles requires precision. Place the tile on a flat surface with a cardboard base. Use a tungsten carbide or diamond tipped drill bit. Mark the tile, overlay masking tape, and drill at a low speed without applying excessive pressure. For complex cuts or precise holes without blanking plates, water jet cutting provides the cleanest result.
Sealing
Most ceramic tiles feature a glazed finish, eliminating the need for sealing. However, unglazed ceramic tiles must be sealed before grouting. Without sealing, grout residue can become difficult to remove. A suitable tile sealer, provides protection against staining while preserving the natural appearance of the tile.
Grouting
Choosing the right grout is essential to complement the tiles and maintain a consistent look. Rustic effect tiles with irregular edges require a wider grout joint, while machine-cut tiles with straight edges need a finer joint. Most fine grouts cover joints up to 4mm wide. For wider gaps, a coarse-grained grout should be used for joints ranging from 2–15mm. Before applying grout, clean the area thoroughly to remove any dust or building residues.
Fixing ceramic tiles correctly ensures a professional finish that lasts. With the right preparation, installation, and finishing techniques, your tiled surfaces will remain strong, stylish, and durable for years to come. If you need expert advice or assistance with your project, get in touch today.
